Perspectives on the Relationship between Dolphins and Humans Essay

Perspectives on the Relationship between Dolphins and Humans - Essay Example Dolphins are viewed as allies to human beings, their actions seemingly non-threatening and their motivations appearing to be intent on being helpful. However, it is unclear that the alliance that dolphins feel towards human beings is adequately shown in reciprocation towards the dolphins. The following study will provide a framework for studying the perceptions that humans have in regard to their relationships with dolphins. Because of their high intelligence there is some speculation that they should be considered ‘persons’. White defines ‘human’ as a scientific classification with ‘person’ being a philosophical concept that can easily be transferred onto the dolphin species. The primary reasons to consider dolphins as ‘persons’ is for the purpose of giving them rights. White continues to describe the philosophical foundation for considering dolphins ‘persons’ through the fact of their high intelligence and in that because of this intelligence, they should have the benefit of rights. The problem in ascribing rights to another species is that it would conflict with the human belief that they are the center of the world and the creation of that world. Humans believe that all things within the world are there for the benefit of human kind. White states that â€Å"the existence of nonhuman persons would fly in the face of everything our speci es has believed about its uniqueness for thousands of years†.

More Import Permits If Not Enough Chicken Essay Example for Free

More Import Permits If Not Enough Chicken Essay JITRA: The government will issue permits to import chicken only if there is a shortage. Deputy Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Minister Datuk Johari Baharom said this was unnecessary at the moment as there was a sufficient supply. There are enough chickens to meet demand for the fasting month and Hari Raya , he said after having sahur (predawn meal) with villagers in Kampung Teluk Malek here yesterday. The local chicken farms produce between 1.4 million to 1.5 million birds per day and demand for chicken is less than 1. 4 million daily. The government will monitor the supply of chicken to avoid any shortage in the market, especially during the festive season. He said the farm price of RM4.70 per kg imposed since the beginning of the fasting month was reasonable, especially when compared with price in neighboring countries. He added that transportation costs and increase in demand were the contributing factors to price increase. Adapted from New Straits Times, August 16, 2010 a) What is market equilibrium? With the aid of a diagram, explain how it is determined? (4 marks) b) With the aid of a diagram, show the effect of an increase in demand for chicken in the domestic market. (4 marks) c) Explain three (3) factors that may influence the supply of chicken in the domestic  market.  (6 marks) d) What happens to the price of chicken in the domestic market if our government issue more permits to import chicken? Draw a diagram to support your answer. (3 marks) e) Explain any two (2) possible factors that may influence the demand for chicken. (3 marks)  ©

The Impact Of Vatsu Shastra

The Impact Of Vatsu Shastra Shelter is one of the basic needs for Human beings. People spend much of their time in their homes. Therefore comfort and environmental conditions are important aspects of a house. Vastu Shastra is the science of building and an art of balancing the structure with environment. Recently the ancient Vastu culture has gained a significant role in the planning and orientation of residential and commercial buildings in India. However in contemporary India this ancient practice is being termed as myth or occult by the majority .Still this practise proves to be extremely popular with contemporary clients, who insist on their house being built and designed as per Vastu Shastra. This thesis deals with Vastu Shastras fundamental rules of architecture which are based on now proven scientific facts and addresses them to todays architectural and interior design practices. The aim is to prove that Vastu Shastra has a scientific background with a practical application and is not just a superstition .The purpose is to remove the fears in the mind of the people about the misconception of Vastu Shastra and its tenets, the fear created by consultants by threats of destruction, death, disease and miserable life. Therefore, knowing and applying the rules of Vastu Shastra would be extremely beneficial for any modern day Architect and/or Interior Designer in India. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.1 The thesis contains four chapters. The first chapter introduces Vastu Shastra and its rules governed by the various elements of nature .This chapter discuss the history and the present of Vastu shastra in India. The second chapter discusses the occult aspect of Vastu .It is an attempt to reason out why people have an impression of Vastu as a superstition and to enlighten and encourage the reader to study Vastu Shastra with an open mind and demystify its occult garb. The third chapter puts forward various issues dealing with environmental relevance of Vastu Shastras rules and their scientific backgrounds. It reveals two important aspects of the relevance of solar energy and geomagnetic energy with Vastu .The first part displays the vector analysis of the varying directional solar energy field as implored on stationary geomagnetic flux. The second part explains the correlation between the movement of the sub atomic particles and the electromagnetic flux. The fourth chapter discusses an ideal Vastu layout and also presents a case study of a contemporary residential project with the application of Vastu rules. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.2 Chapter 1.Vastu Shastra in India 1.History Vastu Shastra is an ancient building science that governed the Indian architecture in the Vedic times. Vastu means building and Shastra means the science so in essence it is the building science. It explains the basis of creating spaces in respect to its surrounding. Vastu Shastra originated around 3000 BC. It was first mentioned in the ancient Hindu scriptures like Rig Veda, Mahabharata etc. In primitive India, education, medication, horoscopy, astrophysics, occultism, metaphysics and religiousness lived in complaisant proximity, their borders superimposing and one enhancing the other. The rules of Vastu Shastra and environmental reflections in residential buildings were established considering the cosmic influence of the Sun, wind direction, magnetic field of the earth and the impact of cosmos on the Earth. House building design, including its internal and external environment, has customarily been the duty of the architects. Vastu Shastra scriptures were written in the olden days when architecture was essentially for the rulers, the nobles and for the divine structures. The fundamental architectural Rules namely climate, orientations, functions, planning, etc are now being overlooked by the architects and designers. Especially in India, the very fact of buying and owning a house is considered as a sign of high class belonging to community and status in the society. Considering environmental factors in buildings is as old as the architecture, the Vastu and the Vedic Era. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.3 With the guidelines of Vastu Shastra the architects can design buildings in such a way that it will bring good health, wealth and peace to the inmates. Man builds the city so that the city shall build its dwellers. (Bhaskar1998) The upcoming occupation of architecture has outcast the Vastu Vidya or the customary Indian wisdom of architecture. Vastu Shastra is as aged as knowledge itself, but the practise of the Vastu Consultants is a fairly new and modified one, it addresses only a part of this science. It is time Vastu Shastra is made free of its mysterious guise and exhibited as a rational and judicious branch of knowledge. Vastu Shastra is furthermore distinguished by the Vastu Pundits (experts) and is termed as The Edifice Science (implication of the rules of this science while designing a building will assuredly bring peace and prosperity to its occupiers) Vastu Shastra has been acknowledged as a science derived from the study of nature and the supernatural by the prehistoric Aryan sages.Vastu Shastra takes into account the influences of the sun, its light and heat. It considers the impacts of earths electromagnetic field, bio-chemical effects in a human body, in order to lead a healthy and prosperous life. Advanced study in neuro-science has proved that the Sun, the Moon and the Planets which are the cosmic counter-parts, have a one-to-one relevance to the various fragments of the human brain. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.4 Hence, the Vedic formula for the orientation of the dwelling towards the east is to achieve the benefits of the morning sun and a perfect square house with a central open space to avoid the scorching afternoon sun. Various ailments like insomnia, cerebral palsy, hypertension, etc experienced healing in the past 15 years with the help of Environmental energy much before it was acclaimed by the scholars of today through the study of Matsya, Mansara and many more epics and were recognised and acknowledged as science for example the military science Dhanur-Vidya The profession of the designer or the architect is absolutely mistaken with the role of the astrologer. (Sahastrabudhe 1999) Traditionally the Indian Architecture was acknowledged as unique and was not subject to be analysed by the western examples. The fundamental rules of Vastu Shastra are based on two important aspects 1. The five natural elements sky, air, fire, water and earth and 2. The eight cardinal directions North, South, East ,West, North East ,North West, South East, South West. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.5 2.Fundamental concepts of Vastu Shastra The science of Vastu Shastra considers the world to be comprised of five basic elements termed as Panch Mahabhoota Vastu Pundits (experts) believed Presence of Life on earth is a result of the balance of these five elements which are present on Earth which is now proven by the modern world scientists. ( Gadge,2003,p.93-96) a.The Five elements of the Nature BHUMI (EARTH) The position of Earth is third in order from the sun. Presence of electromagnetism makes it a large magnet in the space with the North Pole and the South Pole as centres of attraction. Every living and Non living organism on Earth is influenced by its magnetic field and Gravitational pull. JALA (Water)-Water is in a liquid form and is represented by rain, ocean, sea, and river. It forms a portion of every flora and fauna. VAYU (Air) Air is considered as the foundation of life and is a supreme source of life. The comfort value of human beings is directly dependant on the balance of humidity, temperature, pressure, flow and the composition of the air and its contents. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.6 AGNI (Fire) -Fire is symbolised by light and heat which forms an indispensable part of day and night , climatic conditions, radioactivity, avidity, energy and vigour AKASHA (Space) The space or the sky shelters all the above four elements of nature. It is the primary conductor of all the sources of energy for example light, sound, social energies namely emotional and psychological and cognitive energies namely intuition and intellect. There is an unseen relationship amongst all the above five elements. Thus various human conditions can be improved by considering the effectiveness of these five basic natural forces while designing the buildings. The role of Vastu Shastra is to combine these elements of nature and balance them with the man and the matter. Taking advantage of the gifts bestowed by the nature to make a pleasant living and working conditions thereby promoting spiritual well-being and enhancing health and wealth leading to prosperity and happy living b.The Eight cardinal directions Vastu takes into consideration the eight possible directions after analysing and studying the four coordinal directions- North, South, East and West and four angular directions North East, North West, South East, South West ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page. 7 In Vastu Shastra these directions are established with the help of a tool called the Vastu compass which is a magnetic compass. The building site is first analysed with this tool and later inscribed on the layout to start the process of designing taking in consideration the Vastu principles.Vastu affirms that it helps one to tune with nature and derive its free benefits by honouring the five basic elements and the eight cardinal directions. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.8 Chapter 2. The Occult aspect of Vastu There are three important factors that influence the misconception of Vastu Shastra. 1.Personal Motives of the consultants Human mind has always been intrigued by the Occult and the supernatural. In a lot of cases the beliefs and faiths of common people have been wrongly used and abused. It is therefore important to understand when and where should one draw the line .This fear of being a victim to such immoral practices by some Vastu consultants who do not understand the subject but scare people for their advantage has created unbelief of Vastu Shastra in India. The purpose of this chapter is to clear the fears in the mind of the people about the misconception of Vastu Shastra and its tenets, the fear created by consultants by threats of destruction, death, disease and miserable life. The truth is that the original Vastu script is lost and all modern available text are only compilation, this has made Vastu a victim of unscrupulous interpretation. 2. Mythological Stories Moreover the terminology used by the ancient scholars while explaining the scientific laws of Vastu Shastra also gives rise to the superstitious aspect of its understanding. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.9 In the ancient times, the Vedas ,or the knowledge ,was limited to a particular cast of people, which is why it was difficult for a common person to understand the principles of this science, if explained in a scientific way. The wise ones used the terminology which was easy for the common man to understand so for example, when the scholars had to say that by constructing a window in a particular direction, one can make the most of the early morning sun rays, they would rather say that by placing the window in a particular direction the deity of that direction will bless them with good health and prosperity.Consequently Vastu in India is treated as a religious duty more than art of construction, which leads to the misunderstanding of its concepts. The problem starts when Vastu Shastra is mixed up with religious rituals. The wise men of yesteryears infused religion in Vastu so that people will implement it and practise it in the fear of the supernatural but today it has been misjudged and wrongly accused in the name of religion and occultism. Indian mythology tells stories of the deity of Foundation Vastu Purusha.(refer to fig.1.1) The stories in the Vedas also have a important role to play in the misconception of Vastu Shastra. There is a Fascinating story about the Vastu Purusha in the Matsya Purana. According to the Vedas, Vastu Purusha is omnipresent in the entire plot irrelevant to its size. It lies on the plot with its head down and his body folded in a peculiar fashion in order to cover the length and the width of the plot. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.10 During his battle with the demons, Lord Shiva got tired and started sweating too much and out of his drops of sweat a cruel looking hungry man was born who began to make penance to appease the deity. Lord Shiva finally was pleased with him and granted him his wish to be the strongest and largest being on Earth. He then stood between the Earth and the heavens. Terrified by this devotee the deities and the demons together pinned him down to the earth. Pitying his state Lord Shiva blessed him and made him the God of Vastu and called him the Vastu Purusha. Since then it is believed that the being is present in every plot with the deities and the demons acquiring and ruling different positions on his body. People listen and believe in such stories and overlook the science of Vastu .They do not probe into the details of Vastu science and term it as a myth. Moreover since the knowledge of Vastu was passed down from generation to generation, it has been modified and more and more stories are weaved around it to make it sound more mythological. However ancient Indian scholars were great mathematicians and also had the knowledge of geology this is shown in the next chapter, which explains the rational and practical aspect of Vastu. 3. Commercial aspect of Vastu Today new flats and apartments in newly constructed buildings are rejected if they are not built according to the Vastu concepts. In fact if your building is designed with the help of a Vastu Consultant then it becomes a USP to sell the Flats in certain parts of India! ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.11 Amusingly some buyers come with a Vastu Consultant to check if it suits their personal needs before making the decision of buying the house of their dreams. This forces the builders to employ Vastu consultants without checking the depth of your knowledge and use them as an added tag to sell their Flats who in turn mislead the customers into buying the flats. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.12 Chapter 3. Environmental relevance and scientific approach to Vastu. In this chapter I will try to delineate the traditional narrations in terms of basic laws, logic and approach of particle physics, biochemistry and energy dynamics. For correlating the significance of directions and forces in Vastu the following topics are very significant: flow characteristics of solar energy, geomagnetic, flux and thermal variations. 1. Solar radiation and its effects Whenever a structure is created it is exposed to the effects of the suns radiations. In tropical countries the south side suffers harsh heat while the north side remains in the shadow area this result in the formation of thermocouple in the space and around the house. In the tropical countries South, South East and Southwest suffer scorching heat while the North .North east and North West remain in the cool shadow section. It can be summarised that disturbance is created due to the high imbalance in the natural order of the geometric flux lines, (flux is defined as the amount of electromagnetic energy that flows through a unit area per unit time) forming nodes at the intersection of the flux lines. These nodes are points of distorted energy potential. Such dislocations trap the sub atomic particles travelling along the flux lines. These particles start resonating under specific conditions and off hazardous micro level radiation. (Mahatme,2003) These emissions have a tendency of worki ng against the existence of life forms. Vastu-Purush-Mandal represents this phenomenon as Yama (Lord of Death). ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.13 The thermal imbalance is the main cause in creating obstacles in smooth energy flow through and around the building. The comprehensive remedial measures available in Vastu Shastra try to equalise the thermal difference and provide harmonious and blissful conditions for the dweller. The wise men of the past understood this and tried to derive a solution to offset the disturbance in the south direction by the following measures. 1. Thick heavy wall on the south side 2. Blocking of the openings in the south side 3. Avoiding any slopes towards the south 4. Orienting the house in such a manner that more open spaces are available in the North and East directions 5. By planting some trees in the South for availing of humid atmosphere. 7. Raising of plinth and compound height in the south direction. If adhered to these rules one can try to create equalise the thermal differentials and create harmonious and balanced living conditions within the structure. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.14 2. Directions and Deities The four main directions namely North, South, East and West represent streams of positive and negative energies .These directions act as either the source or the sink for energies. (refer to fig 1.3)Hence the orientation and alignment of these forces are prearranged in their zones of impact. Whereas the sub directions vis-a-vis North East, South East, North West and South West represent zones of confluence of two different (positive and negative) energy streams which are at right angles to each other. Any disturbance in the flow of these energies triggers turbulence in the flow of the energy which is aligned to the primary direction. The Vastu Pundits combined the positive north and east directions with the negative south and West to determine the effects of the sub directions. These directions were then associated with the positions of the deities depending on the results of the effects of the energies. North East + + residence of God North West + desirable direction South East + Not desirable direction South West residence of Demon ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.15 3. Scientific Approach to Vastu Below we will examine several examples which strongly stand for the fact that Vastu Shastra is based on solid scientific evidence and can be beneficial to the human race. The following Vastu Shastra rules can be easily misunderstood without a rational explanation. Rule 1. Each direction has a Presiding deity .Since Wealth God rules the North and the Sun God Aditya rules East direction, the window openings of the house and also the placement of the water tank should be in the North East direction to welcome the lord, who will then be pleased and will bless you with the healthy and prosperous life The scientific explanation to the above statement is as follows. The sun rises in the East and hence the suns rays emit more light and less heat .Sun rays in the morning are a rich source of vitamin D, which are A vital component in formation of healthy bone. Water is disinfected by UV rays, as the genetic material is altered in bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which destroys the harmful micro organisms example E. Coli. (Hwaa irfan, 2001). If UV exposure is dozed carefully, it has protective effects against cancer (Severn,2001 p.1). Various diseases are cured using the UV radiations, for example rickets, psoriasis, eczema and jaundice. So when one has openings in their house towards the East direction, it allows the early morning sun rays to enter the house and these are the ultra violet rays which when penetrate in the house and bestow their benefits keeping the inmates healthy and fit. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.16 A healthy and fit person can think and work more efficiently leading to a higher earning and a prosperous life. Now if the openings are created in the opposite direction, then it could be detrimental to the health, as the afternoon rays are the infra red rays, which are strong and harmful. Rule 2.The beds should be placed in such a way so as the head of the person should be in the south direction. The deity of death resides in the South, so one should not face this direction while sleeping, as it invites death. The explanation to the above statement can be found in the earth magnetism. The earths magnetic field runs from South Pole to north pole, so if you sleep in the same fashion then you are aligned with the magnetic flow .Now studies show that Human head and north are both positive poles (Ritu 1999) due to which they repel each other hence it is favourable to sleep with the head in the south for a sound sleep. Sleep disorder leads to a lot of health problems ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.17 Chapter 4.Contemporary Indian Architecture and Design 1. Ideal Vastu House In India a home is not just a shelter for human beings, it is called as Manushyalayawhich means human temple. As per Vastu both house and temple are sacred spaces so a house should be designed with the same concept as the temple. A house design with an open courtyard system was a national pattern of India before the introduction of the western concepts. The arrangement of the built spaces is the basis of creating a spiritual environment needed for the well being and prosperity. Figure shows an ideal layout of a perfectly square building with a superimposed modular Vastu grid of 9 x 9 forming 81 squares meant for a family. The centre space Brahmasthan is supposed to be the nuclear energy field which should be unbuilt and kept open to the sky to connect with the outer space Akasha. The central courtyard is not for the living purpose it can be used for cultural and religious rituals. The next rows of squares which are adjacent to the centre space are to be used for a walkway and the corner squares are to used for the specific rooms. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.18 Following are the directions with the deity that presides them and the specific rooms to be built respectively. (refer to fig 1.2) Direction Deity presiding the direction Suggested rooms North East Dharma(God of righteousness) Prayer room North Kubera (God of wealth) Living room North West Vayu (God of wind) Guest Bedroom, Toilet East Indra (God of Gods) Bathroom West Varuna (God of water) Childrens bedroom South Yama (God of Death) Store room South East Agni (God of Fire) Kitchen and dining room South West Niruthi (Goddess of demons) Master bedroom 2. Case study of a contemporary Vastu House Vastu House By Khosla Associates in Bangalore, India The space planning in this house was designed in harmony with the Vastu orientation and placement concept called Vastu Purusha Mandala . ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.19 To design within dictated predetermined rigid locations specified as per Vastu yet to arrive at a visually stunning and aesthetic architecture was the biggest challenge of this project. Rising lazily from the North East which was the lowest point to South East which was the highest point of the house, it was built on soft split levels. The trees in the open courtyard are beautifully weaved in its linear horizontal and cantilevered roof .The massive stretch of glass blur the spatial boundaries between enclosed space of the house and the open space of the garden.As one strolls down the open living spaces one can experience a sense of infinity, these spaces are divided with sliding bifold doors and certain spaces do not have any barrier at all. All the main areas were positioned as per Vastu Shastra. The Master bedroom is located in the Earth Zone (South West), the location of the kitchen is in the fire zone (South East) and in the zone of water and air (North and North East) was placed the swimming pool. The main door was in the North East and the Childrens bedroom was in the West. Even the position the staircase, the orientation of the bed, study table and wardrobe and position in the bathroom lavatories were designed in accordance of Vastu principles and the flow of the energy. The location of this house is strategically placed near a busy street; a small in-house office for the Master of the house is positioned near the main road. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.20 The entrance to the office is covered by the canopy of some old trees one makes a way paving through them. These trees act as a visual barrier to the rushing traffic on the main road. The black steps which are carved from a local granite leads one from the spacious living room into the courtyard which is open to sky, perched in the centre are some ornamental trees .The roof is cladded with local Mangalore tiles. The support for the roof is hand carved stone columns which are innovative and functional and carry the load of the roof through the diagonal steel struts. Taking advantage of the beautiful climate the dining table is placed in a semi-outdoor space. The first floor which is accessed through a wooden staircase has a large sitting area with a fitness centre. The bathroom has huge glass windows with lots of natural light leading to a massive walk in closet. There is an interesting amalgamation of luxury and Vastu exposed concrete ceiling with rough stone steps and court gravel with polished concrete floors contrast well with fine teak furniture, italian marble and silk and satin furnishings. The park looks interesting with the lap pool on side and on the other side a large rough cut log forming an outdoor dining table to dine under the shades of the giant banyan tree! This is a classic example to show that a house built with Vastu rules does not restrict the creativity of a designer instead presents a challenge to achieve the spiritual atmosphere within a concrete beauty! ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.21 Conclusion To sum up the argument of this dissertation, Vastu Shastra has fascinated some and irritated others but it has intrigued everybody (Gandhi 2006) The first chapter explains the laws of Indian architecture and clarifies its fundamental concepts. The second chapter explains the misconception of terming Vastu an occult by rational and scientific method. The third chapter throws light on the metaphysical aspect of Vastu Shastra. The fourth chapter explains an ideal Vastu layout with the help of a case study. The dissertation with the help of scientific proven facts clarifies the wrong image of Vastu Shastra and encourages the Architects and Interior Designers to have an open mind and look at the insights of Vastu Shastra instead to writing it off in the name of occult practise. Todays Architects and Designers can take the responsibility to educate this science to the common man (Sarkar 2007) The building science has its presence all over the world in different forms and they all have their own principles. From Vitruvius theory to Feng Shui to Vastu Shastra all these sciences are from different parts of the world but they all have the same message. The main purpose of building science is to lay down some guidelines for the architects to design building in harmony with the nature and taking advantage of the prevailing natural gifts of sunlight, wind, cosmic energy and to make a habitat which is beneficial to the inhabitants and make their life happy and prosperous. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.22 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. CHAKRABARTI, V., 1998.Indian Architectural Theory. London: Curson. 2. DWIVEDI, B., 2004. Sampuran vastu shastra. New Delhi: Diamond pocket books. 3. GAUTAM, J., 2006.Latest vastu shastra (some secrets). New Delhi: Shakti Malik. 4. MALGRAVE, I. AND FRANCIS, H., 2006.Arhitectural Theory. Oxford: Blackwell publishing. 5. PATRA, R., 2006. A comparative study on vastu shastra and Heideggers, building dwelling and thinking. Asian philosophy, 16(3), 199-218. 6. SAHASRABUDHE, N.H. AND MAHATME, R.D., 2000.Mystic science of vastu. Slough: New Dawn press. 7. SARKAR, B. , 2008.A practical approach to vastu shastra. New Delhi: Atlantic publishers. 8. SINHA, A., 1998.Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras. Journal of cultural geography, 17(2), 20. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.23

Symbols, Symbolism, and Metaphor in The Great Gatsby Essay -- Great Ga

Metaphors and Symbolisms in The Great Gatsby    In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses many different metaphors and symbolisms to express his point.   In this essay the point that I wish to make is how Fitzgerald uses colors to develop image, feelings, and scenery depiction to let the reader feel the emotions and other aspects being portrayed in that particular part in the book.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like every other essay one must address the major points that will be addressed.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay suggests the hopefulness of Nick's venture in the East and of Gatsby's dream to win Daisy.   Fitzgerald uses the colors of white and green as suggestions of future promise.   As the novel unfolds and the uselessness of the dream is developed, the colors become garish shades such as gold, silver, and pink.      Ã‚  Ã‚   White and green are shown throughout the beginning of the novel, first, through green and white luminous light.   Daisy is constantly shown in white. When Nick first sees his cousin (Daisy), she is wearing a white dress.   In my mind, white depicts virginity, innocence, honesty, wealth, and the appearance of cleanliness.   Later on I will discuss how this image of Daisy is false. She is extremely corrupt, and all her actions are based on self-gratitude. Green is also portrayed in the earlier parts of this novel.   It is a symbol of hope.   This probably is referring to Gatsby's second chance at romance with Daisy, and his dream with America being able to make all your dreams come true.   Gatsby believes that there is hope for his future relationship with Daisy.   We view his r... ... being swollen with silver, as if to say that it was done in a bad way.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The last color portrayed heavily when discussing the character of Gatsby is pink.   Pink is a sign of embarrassment.   When Gatsby states that Daisy never loved Tom, she has always been in love with him, he was shocked to hear from her own mouth that she loved both of them.   This placed Gatsby in a very uncomfortable situation and   this event finally brought him over the edge.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the course of this novel we saw how the plot slowly changes from the rich and exquisite life of the wealthy, to the stubborn, arrogant, and selfish values that each of these characters possessed, especially Gatsby. Corruption reigned so high in their society; it was viewed as something to be of usual nature.    Symbols, Symbolism, and Metaphor in The Great Gatsby Essay -- Great Ga Metaphors and Symbolisms in The Great Gatsby    In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses many different metaphors and symbolisms to express his point.   In this essay the point that I wish to make is how Fitzgerald uses colors to develop image, feelings, and scenery depiction to let the reader feel the emotions and other aspects being portrayed in that particular part in the book.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like every other essay one must address the major points that will be addressed.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay suggests the hopefulness of Nick's venture in the East and of Gatsby's dream to win Daisy.   Fitzgerald uses the colors of white and green as suggestions of future promise.   As the novel unfolds and the uselessness of the dream is developed, the colors become garish shades such as gold, silver, and pink.      Ã‚  Ã‚   White and green are shown throughout the beginning of the novel, first, through green and white luminous light.   Daisy is constantly shown in white. When Nick first sees his cousin (Daisy), she is wearing a white dress.   In my mind, white depicts virginity, innocence, honesty, wealth, and the appearance of cleanliness.   Later on I will discuss how this image of Daisy is false. She is extremely corrupt, and all her actions are based on self-gratitude. Green is also portrayed in the earlier parts of this novel.   It is a symbol of hope.   This probably is referring to Gatsby's second chance at romance with Daisy, and his dream with America being able to make all your dreams come true.   Gatsby believes that there is hope for his future relationship with Daisy.   We view his r... ... being swollen with silver, as if to say that it was done in a bad way.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The last color portrayed heavily when discussing the character of Gatsby is pink.   Pink is a sign of embarrassment.   When Gatsby states that Daisy never loved Tom, she has always been in love with him, he was shocked to hear from her own mouth that she loved both of them.   This placed Gatsby in a very uncomfortable situation and   this event finally brought him over the edge.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the course of this novel we saw how the plot slowly changes from the rich and exquisite life of the wealthy, to the stubborn, arrogant, and selfish values that each of these characters possessed, especially Gatsby. Corruption reigned so high in their society; it was viewed as something to be of usual nature.   

How has Chinese FP change since Moa and how important are economics? Essay

Throughout History, China and her foreign policy has been the focus of much controversy and debate in the fields of History and International Relations. The size, geographical position, culture and politics of China make it, and have made it one of the most important actors in regional and international affairs. The aims and nature of Chinese foreign policy have been through a number of important changes in the twentieth century. This essay will examine the principles of Chinese Foreign Policy after the death of leader Mao Tse Tung and will discuss the importance economics has on the formulation of post Mao foreign Policy. This essay will first discuss the principle aims and practises of Chinese foreign policy under Mao as a basis to compare the post Mao characteristics. The essay will then examine the major aspects of China’s foreign policy that occurred during and after Mao’s leadership in terms of the relations with the west, relations with the Soviet bloc, relations with third world revolutionary groups and the so called opposition to hegemonism. Through studying these factors the essay will examine the importance of economic factors in china’s foreign policy since Mao. As an example of how China works in the international system the essay will discuss the relations modern China has with its major neighbours in terms of military, political and, importantly, economic factors. In a discussion of post Mao Chinese foreign policy it is important to understand the foreign policy during the leadership of Mao Tse Tung. It is first important to note that Mao’s handling of Chinese foreign policy was not a single phase in itself and did not follow a single characteristic and it is also important to note that many principles of current Sino-foreign relations stem back to Mao. In 1949 after decades of civil war and political unrest the Chinese Communist party founded the â€Å"Peoples Republic of China†. Mao Tse Tung, the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party was now the political leader of over a billion Chinese people. Under Mao major social and internal changes were undertaken alongside a noticeable change in the relations with outsiders. The first major change was the five-year plan, between 1952 and 1957, during these years China opened up to a foreign state, the Soviet Union, in a way never before seen in China (1, pp47). This can be analysed as part of Mao’s â€Å"let foreign things serve China†(1,pp47) attitude, an attitude that, if vague, encouraged the Chinese to make a distinction between the damaging and the helpful elements of foreign influences. This period also saw Mao introducing the five principles of peaceful coexistence, principles that, at least publicly would become the backbone to the overt actions of China’s foreign relations. These principles, suggested by premier Zhou Enlai, claim to base China relations on mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence (8). The validity of these principles is obviously in question and it would seem that many could be described as being contradictory to China’s practice of foreign policy especially during the Cold War. China’s threatening stance over Taiwan, the invasion of Tibet and support for North Korea during the Korean war during this period can be argued to contradict the claims made by the five principles. China’s relations with the two major cold war super-powers were often pivotal in Chinese decision-making under Mao. It seemed that during the early cold war years, China began to emerge from her self-imposed exile as it opened up to the Soviet Union. The later Maoist era however also saw a turn away from Soviet domination during the early to mid sixties partly due to what the Chinese often refer to as â€Å"Soviet Chauvinism†(6,Liu Huaqiu article) and an approach to what can be called the â€Å"Period of Cooperation† (2,pp280) with America. One of China’s major advantages during the Cold War was the ability to choose between the two super-powers of the era. The build up of both Chinese and soviet troops on the border â€Å"(6, Liu Huaqiu article), the general rise in tensions between the two powers over the interference of Soviet facilitators helping develop Chinese industry may have contributed to Mao’s movement, politically, toward the US. US-Sino relations were obviously damaged due to the involvement of Chinese â€Å"volunteers† in the Korean War. The first stepping-stone in this new cooperation and the smoothing of post Korea relations was the famous Shanghai Communiquà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of 1971-2 (2,pp280) involving American a visit to the Peoples Republic of China by President Richard Nixon and a meeting with Chairman Mao. It is difficult to examine in detail the complex elements of Mao’s foreign policy in the limited space this essay allows. However, it is important not to lay to much focus on China’s relations with the two super powers. Other elements lay at the heart of Mao’s foreign policies, elements that also changed through his years of leadership. His economic policy, originally based on the Marxist/Soviet principles of state controlled commerce began to reform, at least in the final Mao years, towards a more free market based economy. Political ties two Marxist revolutionary groups in third world countries also played a major role in Mao’s foreign policy making. Mao, not believing in a two-bloc world or a one bloc revolution, made major contributions to numerous third world Marxist revolutionaries as part of what Mao saw, at least publicly, as a way of achieving global revolution through the global working class (1 pp94-95). On a more power political level it could be argued that if these revolutions were successful China could develop allies in important places. Korea is an example of Marxist revolution supported by the Chinese in a strategically important country (7). Mao’s foreign policy cannot be described in a single word. His unstable relations with the US and USSR, the changes he made in the economy make understanding the drive behind Mao’s foreign policy challenging. It can be argued that the erratic foreign policy of Mao was a symptom of the erratic domestic, the failing Cultural Revolution and the great leap forward may have forced Mao to change policy. The importance of understanding the legacy Mao left at his death to future Chinese administrations is not to be underestimated when studying post Mao foreign policy. Despite the major changes in the nature of Chinese foreign policy Mao’s legacy and influence has in no way been ignored and it is important to first examine the affect of Mao’s policies on China’s foreign policy after his death. The public face of Chinese foreign policy still emphasise Mao’s so called â€Å"Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence† as being the centre of its actions (6). Despite continued evidence of China’s ignorance of the policy the public face of China on the international scene will often claim to be following these principles. Mao also initiated the cooperation with the United States that has, even if the relationship has sometimes been strained, continued as a major party of Chinese foreign relations. Mao also influenced the Chinese continued stance of vigilance towards the other cold war super power the USSR (3, pp201). Despite the changes that this essay shall now analyse the examples given suggest that Mao’s i nfluence was not forgotten in the formulation of cold war and modern foreign policy. In discussing post Mao foreign policy it is important to understand the importance of economic development in the new era of western cooperation. Economic development also gives an interesting starting point to the discussion of the importance of economics in Chinese Foreign Policy after Mao. There were many major attempts to both open and develop china economically by the new more moderate post Mao regime. The â€Å"Open Door† policy initiated by Mao was, after his death, intensified and relations with the West and especially the US carried out through businessmen now allowed into the once anti-capitalist environment (1,pp125). This new openness also coincided with internal economic reform. In 1978, the new chairman, Deng Xiaoping, introduced the â€Å"Four Modernisations†, a way of developing the country through modernising elements of agriculture, industry, national defence and science and technology as part of a ten-year plan. Deng also began the introduction and proliferation of China’s free enterprise economy (9). These economic development changes had a radical effect on China’s foreign policy. No longer an isolated communist country China began to move toward an economy base and even reliant on western capitalist systems (9,2,). This can be seen as evidence for the view that China’s economic health was gradually being placed at the forefront of her foreign policy and her position in the international system. China’s relations with the Western and economically developed nations, especially the US and Japan provides interesting perspective when analysing the changes nature of china’s foreign policy after Mao. As previously discussed the â€Å"Open Door† policy played a major role in the development of improved, or at least cooperative relations with the western world. One of the major characteristics of post Mao foreign policy was the continued hatred of the USSR and, as previously noted, the move toward the US as its main source of political and economic support. Towards the end of the 1970s the US even quietly aided China militarily against the soviets. During this period the military support was covert and originally involved eaves dropping equipment for intelligence gathering. However the military support became more public as the USSR’s war in Afghanistan began to escalate with America aiding the Chinese with no lethal and logistical support for defence aga inst possible Soviet attacks (2, pp 202). This military cooperation was could be used as evidence for suggesting the idea that the view â€Å"my enemies enemy is my friend† was the basis of Sino-US relations. However, evidence suggests that economics could be described as being at the centre of China’s relations with the developed world. As the cold war dragged on china began to turn more and more to the west for infrastructure development purchasing Nuclear reactors and factories. The new relationship with he west was not only beneficial to China, oil companies, such as BP and EXXON, were able to mine China’s oil reserves (2,pp203). This new economically charged relationship continued through out the later years of the cold war. Despite some obvious stumbling blocks, such as Tiananmen Square, the relationship with the west has, at least privately, flourished even if publicly western leader denounce China’s political system (6,7). China’s relationship with the west was not, as was originally expected (1, pp237-247), significantly changed by the ending of the Cold War. Despite some further stumbling blocks and diplomatic incidents, such as the collision of a US spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet in April 2001, and the continuation of sanctions China has become more and more reliant on the US. Ignoring its claims of opposing hegemonism China’s economic reliance on the western powers looks set to intensify. A way of simplifying the Chinese relation to the west could be done through describing it as a publicly strained and privately flourishing especially in the light of the events of September 11th. One of the major political changes in the post Mao era is the changing nature of China’s relations with the Third World. Under Mao, China often saw the third world as its main source of economic and political support and also considered the third world as being china’s main allies in combating US and Soviet attempts at hegemonism (1,pp234), (6). Mao, who considered China to be a leader of the third world and, as previously stated, also saw the third world as the backbone to a world revolution. After the death of Mao China’s political and economic support began to move from the third world to the US and Western Europe. There major change in the relations with the third world was the removal of support for Marxist revolutionaries and a turn away from the world revolutionary principles of Mao. However, the perceived importance of the third world was not completely from foreign policy decision makers. The third world, in the eyes of the Chinese, was considered to be the priority target for the USSR to spread the Soviet â€Å"hegemony† (1,pp234-236)(5,pp181-183)(6). This could be the reason behind China attempts to remove soviet influence from third world neighbours. The successful invasion of the third world country Cambodia (1978) and the unsuccessful invasion of Vietnam (1979) could be analysed as examples of these Chinese attempts to remove soviet influence. China’s involvement with the third world began to take a new form in the late eighties and toward the end of the cold war. Diplomatic ties with Africa especially were rebooted. Many argue that this was due to the sanctions imposed by the west in reaction to the Tiananmen massacre in 1989 (5,pp183). Despite China’s declination to join major third world organisations, China has joined with numerous third world countries such as Singapore to create a third world â€Å"immunity† from super power influence and supports the proposal of a â€Å"New Economic Order† developed by other third world states (5,pp183). So as far as China’s relations with third world nations can be analysed they have gone through a major change since Mao’s death and seem to be, not surprisingly, rooted in economic necessity rather than ideological or political will. To conclude this essay there is considerable evidence to suggest that Mao’s death, in September 1976, had a dramatic affect on China’s domestic situation and an even more important affect on China’s relations with the International System and the her foreign policy decision making. China’s foreign policy has, since Mao, been more and more influenced by economic factors. It is arguably possible to connect most major aspects of change since Mao to the Chinese government’s will to economically develop the country with political and ideological aspects such as the global revolution, military security and opposition hegemonism being placed either at a lower priority or interlinked with Economic Foreign Policy. Even if not directly economic it could easily be argued that most changes have at least an indirect affect on the economic growth of China and that these changes have been done for the China’s economic security. As china moves into the 21st century it appears that on a political level the regime has begun, especially since the September 11th terrorist attacks on America, to move toward a more interdependent relationship with the west. It seems apparent however that the soothing of relations with western power, despite the political and moralist claim, will be, as before, based more on the economic well being of China. Bibliography 1: M. Yahunda, China’s Foreign Policy after Mao, Macmillan, 1983, Hong Kong 2: J. B. Starr, Understanding China (2nd Edition), Profile Books, 2001, US 3: E. E. Moise, Modern China (2nd edition), Longman, 1994, UK 4: T. Siach, Government and politics of China, Plagrave, 2001, New York US 5: Chien-Min Chao, B.J. Dickson, Remaking the Chinese State, Rutledge, 2001, London (UK) 6: Chinese Embassy Web site: http://www.china-embassy.org 7: Chinese Foreign Policy, Article http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/china/19990914A128.html 8: Principles of Chinese Foreign Policy http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/teachingaids/china/for_pol/resource.htm 9: After Mao and Through the 1980s, May 9, 2000 http://history.binghamton.edu/hist274/May9.htm

Blood bank management system Essay

1. Introductions BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT is a software application to maintain day to day transactions in a blood bank. This software help to register all the donors, Blood collection details, blood issued details etc. Blood banks collect, store, and provide blood. Typically, these banks collect blood from voluntary blood donors. The banks then sort blood by type, check blood to  make sure it is free of disease and then store it for future use. The main mission of a blood bank is to provide life-saving blood to hospitals and other health care facilities. Blood cannot be created by any means, it can only be collected from the Humans i.e. donors. A blood bank is a bank of blood or blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion..to satisfy blood necessity, to buy, sale and stock. 1.1 Purpose Online Blood Bank is aims serving for human welfare. We have all the information, you will ever need. Many people are here for you, to help you, willing to donate blood for you anytime. We have done the entire job, rest is yours. Search the blood group you need. You can help us by registering on Online Blood Bank if you are willing to donate your blood when needed. As a proud member of Blood Bank and a responsible human being, you can help someone in need. So donate blood in online. 1.2 Scope Blood Bank is aims serving for human welfare. We have all the information, you will ever need. Many people are here for you, to help you, willing to donate blood for you anytime. We have done the entire job, rest is yours. Search the blood group you need. You can help us by registering on Online Blood Bank if you are willing to donate your blood when needed. As a proud member of Online Blood Bank and a responsible human being, you can help someone in need. So donate blood in bank. In this project mainly 3 modules are there. 1. Admin 2. Donor 3. Acceptors 1. Admin: This module focuses on the both donors & acceptors. Each member in a donor & acceptor is given a user id and password, which identifies him  uniquely. The member is given a login form. he enters the login details user id and password. .. The options given to †¢ Maintain donor details †¢ Maintain referral once †¢ Update donor details †¢ View Experiences †¢ Logout Change Password Whenever a user wants to change his / her password he can select the change password option. The system displays the form, which asks him for his old password and new password. The system then compares the old password with the existing password in the database†¦ 2. Donor: Each member in a Donor is given a user id and password, which identifies him uniquely. The member is given a login form. he enters the login details user id and password. .. The options given to a each member in a staff are Change password Find a Blood group Why donate blood who needs blood Find a Donor Refer a friend Logout 3. Acceptor: In this you can store the information about Acceptors. Change password Find a blood group. Who needs blood Logout? Software requirements: Operating System: Windows XP Front End: NET (Active Server Pages, Visual basic ,Java Script) Back end : Sql Server Hardware requirements : MINIMUM P-IV SYSTEM 512 RAM 40 GB HDD 1.3Definitions Donor The person who donate the blood Accepter The person who accepts the blood Transfusion An act of transfusing donated blood, blood products, or other fluid into the circulatory system of a person or animal. 1.4References http://www.bharatbloodbank.com http://www.lionsbloodbank.net/ 1.5 Overview The first section tells about introduction of blood bank management system and its scope. The remaining sections of this document provide a general description, including characteristics of the users of this project, the product’s hardware, and the functional and data requirements of the product. General description of the project is discussed in section 2 of this document. Section 3 gives the functional requirements, data requirements and constraints and assumptions made while designing the E-Store. It also gives the user viewpoint of product. Section 3 also gives the specific requirements of the product. Section 3 also discusses the external interface requirements and gives detailed description of functional requirements. Section 4 is for supporting information. Now the description of SRS is follow:- Section 1. 1.Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope 1.3 Definitions 1.4 References 1.5 Overview Section 2. 2.Overall Description 2.1 Product Perspective 2.2 Product Functions 2.3 User Characteristics 2.4 Constraints Section 3. 3. Specific Requirements 3.1 External Interfaces 3.2 Functions 3.3 Performance Requirements 3.4 Logical Database Requirements 3.5 Design Constraints 3.6 Assumptions and Dependencies

All About the Periodic Table

All About the Periodic Table The periodic table of the elements is one of the most important tools used by chemists and other scientists because it summarizes useful information about the chemical elements in a format that shows relationships between the elements. Get Your Own Periodic Table You can find the periodic table in any chemistry textbook, plus there are apps for referring to the table from your phone. However, sometimes its nice to be able to have one open on your computer, to  save one to your desktop, or to print one off. Printed periodic tables are great because you can mark them up and not worry about ruining your book. Use Your Periodic Table A tool is only as good as your ability to use it! Once you are familiar with the way the elements are organized, you can locate them more quickly, get information from the periodic table, and draw conclusions about the properties of elements based on their location on the table. Periodic Table History Many people consider Dmitri Mendeleev to be the Father of the Modern Periodic Table. Mendeleevs table was slightly different from the table we use today in that his table was ordered by increasing atomic weight and our modern table is ordered by increasing atomic number. However, Mendeleevs table was a true periodic table because it organizes the elements according to recurring trends or properties. Get to Know the Elements Of course, the periodic table  is all about the elements. The elements are identified by the number of protons in an atom of that element. Right now, youll see 118 elements on the periodic table, but as more elements are discovered, another row will be added to the table. Quiz Yourself Because its necessary to know what the periodic table is and how to use it, you can expect to be tested about it from grade school pretty much until the end of time. Before your grade is on the line, probe your strengths and weaknesses with online quizzes. You might even have fun!

Hamlet - Critical Analysis

Hamlet - Critical Analysis Free Online Research Papers Why is Shakespeare considered to be one of the greatest playwrights of his time? Shakespeare lived in the Elizabethan era and had to write for an Elizabethan audience and theater. By todays standards, this was no picnic in the park. Under those circumstances, he wrote some of the greatest works in history. These works, still popular today, prove him to be a consummate dramatist. Shakespeare knew how to craft dramatic scenes full of external and internal conflict and emotion, something the Elizabethan audience delighted in; he also intertwined superstitions of this era and pageantry, which the Elizabethans also loved. Shakespeare creates external conflict between opposing characters to build tension onstage. When Hamlet and King Claudius interact in the second scene of Act I, tension builds: But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son- A little more than kin, and less than kind. How is it that the clouds still hang on you? Not so, my lord, I am too much Ithsun. (1.2.65-68). While Queen Gertrude and Hamlet are heatedly discussing the unlawful marriage to Claudius, more tension builds between Hamlet and his mother: Have you forgot me? No, by the rood, not so. You are the Queen, your husbands brothers wife, and, would it were not so, you are my mother. (3.4.15-18). Shakespeare also creates internal conflict within Hamlet himself, using revenge, and a common theme of that time. It was expected of playwrights of the Elizabethan era to write plays containing the motive of revenge. He struggled with the decision to write Hamlet as a revenge play, and it is evident in the play that in Hamlets To be or not to be soliloquy which parallels Shakespeares ambivalence about the theme of the play: To be or not to be, that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer. The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons be all my sins remembered. (3.1.63-78) Hamlet wants revenge when he thinks of his mother and her incestuous marriage to Claudius: Haste me to knowt, tha t I with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to revenge. (1.5.33-35). Hamlet doesnt want revenge when he sees King Claudius vulnerable while praying: Now might I do it pat, now he is a-praying. And now Ill do it. And so he goes to heaven; And so I am revenged. That would be scanned: A villain kills my father, and for that I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge. (3.3.76-83). Shakespeare whips up the emotion onstage by incorporating the conflict and tension between Hamlet, Queen Gertrude, his mother, and King Claudius, his uncle stepfather. Kinship and inheritance are very strong themes in Hamlet. Hamlets excessive emotion is focused on Gertrudes sexual relations with Claudius. Because their marriage is unlawful according to the era and it deprives Hamlet of his rightful succession (Jardine 39). According to the table of affinity, unlawful marriages that would conflict with possible inheritance would be, a mans marriage to his fathers wife, his uncles wife, his fathers wifes daughter (his sister), his brothers wife (i.e. Claudius and Gertrude), or his wifes sister (Jardine 40). Although none of these are blood ties, each creates questions over inheritance. In Hamlets case, his uncle Claudius marriage to his mother threatens his claim to inheritance. Hamlet, when talking alone with his mother, exclaims: Nay but to live in the rank sweat of an enseamed bed, Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love Over the nasty sty! (3.4.100-104). Hamlet, in a soliloquy, says to himself: O, within a month, ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. O most wicked speed! To post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets! (1.2.155-159). Shakespeare uses beliefs and superstitions of the era to entertain and relate to his audience. Realizing the rift between Catholics and Protestants in his day, Shakespeare requests his audience to a belief in ghosts as a major necessity to understanding the play. Catholics, at the time, believed that ghosts came from purgatory and were the souls of the departed (Bloom 24), while Protestants believed that ghosts came from hell and were the devil who had assumed the shape and appearance of the dead (Bloom 24). While Marcellus, Horatio, and Barnardo are on guard duty, they spot King Hamlets ghost: But soft, behold. Lo, where it comes again. Ill cross it though it blast me. Stay illusion: For which, they say, you spirits off walk in death. (1.1.139-140; 152). When a scene like the previous, occurred onstage, Shakespeare let his audience know the ghost from everyone else by having the ghosts costume be in a ghostly fashion. Ghosts were trained to speak in a slow, high-pitched, portentous tone (Charney 25); whether or not the ghost was wailing while moving onstage is unknown (Muir and Schoenbaum 35). Pageantry and military content is something else Elizabethans expected to appear in their plays. Elizabethans loved blood and gore. This gave Shakespeare a good basis to incorporate this theme into Hamlet: The play begins on guard; Denmark is a warlike state; in Act III, scene IV in the event in which Hamlet kills Polonius displays a bloody and grotesque picture. Staging and scenery were very important concepts for Shakespeare when writing a play. In early years of Shakespeares time, plays were performed for audiences in courtyards of city inns and for upper class, in the great halls of institutions (Lamb 12). This concept didnt apply to Shakespeare when writing Hamlet; public theaters were built and being used. They plays staging actions and written text are a combination of courtyards, halls, and public theater stages (Lamb 12). The conventions of soliloquy allow characters to address the audience directly, outside of the dialogue form (Charney 39). The construction of Shakespeares apron stage helped to give soliloquy its complete efficiency. On this large stage that extended all the way into the middle of the pit, an actor could come downstage to address the spectators in a tone of confidence (Charney 39). Due to limitations in lighting in Elizabethan England, Shakespeare used certain theatrical conventions to accommodate these circumstances so that his audience would know what time of day or night it was; torches were brought onstage; candles were lit; poetry was used to describe the time and setting. Barnardo, arriving to guard the tower, says to Francisco: Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco. (1.1.7). Barnardo says to Horatio and Marcellus of when the ghost left at daybreak: It was about to speak when the cock crew. (1.1.164). In Shakespearean theater, a scene does not necessarily take place in a certain geographical place. It is described by the words of the actors. Very little was done to create the illusion of a place. Painted, movable scenery was not in general use until the end of the seventeenth century, so that the understanding of a scene as a location does not hold for Elizabethan drama (Charney 95). To overcome this obstacle, Shakespeare lets his audience know the setting by the words of his characters. He defines the setting, Denmark, in the words of the men on guard in the opening scene of Act I. Without the requirements of located places, Shakespeares scenes can move easily into each other in an uninterrupted sequence. There isnt any need for changing scenes; any needed props were thrust onto the stage. Shakespeares plays maintain a quick pace, unimaginable in a modern production (i.e. Hamlet was completed in two hours). The advantage to having such a short play is that the dramatic effect can be intensified and the audience is able to feel the full effect of the climax. Players in the Elizabethan era were of vast importance to the outcome of the play. Shakespeare displays this importance in Hamlet with references to the players of that time. The entire scene ii of Act III is based on the players and the play that Hamlet has rewritten to be performed for the King. Also in this scene is mention of Shakespeares rivalry, The Lord Admirals Men. Shakespeare mentions, too, the children players of the Black friar theater; they were harsh competition then. Rosencrantz says to Hamlet while discussing players and the theater: there is, sir, and eyrie of children. (2.2.336). When Shakespeare sat down to write his plays, he knew the limitations that he was faced with, limitations that modern-day authors would have a hard time accepting; yet, he leaps over these walls and presents us with masterpieces of art. Due to scenery and staging complications, there werent any breaks between scenes, as there are in todays productions. To Shakespeare, these types of scenes made no difference, they were just numbers of different groupings of, people carrying on the actions of the play (Lamb 13). The exact origins of Hamlet are unknown, but it is believed that Shakespeare cut, pasted, and edited tales before his time that resembled Hamlet. One story can be traced back to the Danish chronicle of Saxo Grammaticus (thirteenth century). This account was printed in Latin in 1514 (Lamb 14-15). Another version of Hamlet is Belleforests Historic Tragiques of 1582; this version is based on Saxo with a few minor changes. It was translated into English in 1608 as The Historic of Hamlet (Lamb 15). It is believed that Shakespeare was familiar with both Saxo and Belleforest’s tale of Hamlet; his only son was christened Hamnet in 1585 (Hamnet is one spelling of Hamlet) (Lamb 15). Another origin of the name Hamlet is believed to be from a young girl, Katherine Hamlett, who drowned near Stratford when Shakespeare was, sixteen. Her drowning occurred under circumstances very similar to those of Ophelia (Bloom 96). Similarities between the Earl of Essex (Shakespeares supposed lover) and Hamlet have also been commonly pointed out (Bloom 96). Shakespeare, as a dramatist, uses many different literature elements in his plays. The story of Hamlet came out in the seventh century, but in Shakespeares version, Hamlet attends Wittenberg, a university founded in 1502 (Lamb 18-19). Shakespeare uses irony and dramatic irony: In scene iii of Act III, Hamlet thinks Claudius is kneeling to make his peace with God, but actually, Claudius is realizing that he cant repent and evil is the only path for him. The King says to Laertes: O, That we are made of stuff so flat and dull. (4.3.33). Although faced with the many great challenges that playwrights faced in the Elizabethan era, Shakespeare proves himself worthy of the Elizabethan audience and also shows that he is a consummate dramatist in that his works are still being read and performed today. Research Papers on Critical Analysis of HamletLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesConflict Resolution TacticsThe Story of Beatrix PotterHenderson the Rain KingBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettThe Broken FamilyEmmett Till BiographyMy Writing ExperienceThe Gnostic JesusAmerican Central Banking and Oil

Charles Chocolate case Essay Example for Free

Charles Chocolate case Essay Traelene beals â€Å"9am Friday† First, a formal case analysis – This should be written in a business style format using short paragraphs and sentences, self-explanatory headings, and any figures/tables that would facilitate reading. Reports are to be no longer than 2000 words (excluding appendices Issues to be addressed – No measures of productivity or efficiaency in the plant- no way of telling if the plant was doing a good job. Difficult demand forcasting due to seasonality of sales. 2 new stores had ok type sales. Best clients of Wholesale sales changed focus on cheaper items and also own products. Sales agents could be fired with 90 days notice. Other parts of US haven’t heard of us. Of the 221 wholesale customers purchase just $1000 worth of products. Other 125 purchase between 1000 and 2000 per year. Sales agents, don’t know how to represent the all products. Speculating future orders from wholesale clients to customize boxes and logos-waste of capital. 60% of the total online/phone orders were from existing customers. Online sales haven’t grown – orders processed within 3-4 days. Why ship internationaly(only 5%)—Antartica Really Summer problem at Sandwich heaven – why did staff leave? How to get new staff in this tight labour market. Marketing service – old fashioned — Undefined Target market? Packaging ? (tourists publicatins, seasonal print media and radio spots) How to increase awareness without diluting the brand. Leverage on solid search engine raankings to promote online sales Basic website, reminder service to customers-good/bad? Sales agents dint provide links to top accounts. Companies revenues had grown because of Sandwich heaven(franchising) High reliability on tourism. Corporate gift marketing – 25% discount – market was good – Explore boston ? ice cream sales Increase retail penetration? Acquire a niche chocolate company? What about the tradiotnal brand name? Internal capacity? Relocate factory? Background Charles produced high-quality, hand wrapped chocolates, Portland creams. Best quality, many loyal customers across the world. Huge factory(24000 sq foot)-owned-. Only 75 retail and 35 production employees, 20 in management. Working hours 7am-4pm(each day). – Leverage long shelf life Wholesale production required early planning and online sales required late production†¦ Production planning was completed by data distortions arising from out-of stock and over stock issues. – out of stock-over production – killed the pricing – by discount pricing. Special orders put the whole order on a stand still Retail stores provided 50% of sales. – Wholesale had 30% of sales – Charles is just used as an add on product. Online and phone – online 4% of total sales. –phone is 6% of total sales—60% of all these orders were from regular orders.. Avg sales $138 by phone and $91 from website†¦High growth industry†¦ Sandwich heaven – 10% of sales – Industry High demand for organic/dark chocolate- anti oxidant properties. Charles Chocolate case. (2018, Oct 13).

Assignment 1 F&A Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 1 F&A - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, the executive are predicting low consumer confidence and high unemployment rate as two most important factors that will hinder the recovery of the retail industry. (KPMG, 2012) (Farfan, 2011) Note 1 to the financial statements provides a complete description of the RadioShack Corporation’s business. The company deals in electronic items and services through 4,395 retail stores under its brand name in the US. The company also operates in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands and Mexico. In 2009, the company launched ‘Target Mobile Centers’ to increase their sales and revenue. However, due to its failure, the company has decided to wind up these centers by the first quarter of 2013. It is very important to understand this note because its helps to identify and comprehend the business operations of the company and its future plans of discontinuation of any product line. (RadioShack Corp. Annual Report, 2012) Best Buy and Wal-Mart are two of the important competitors of RadioShack Corporation because they tend to have the same business as well as operate in the same environment. This will allow us to compare their financial and non financial metrics against each other such as profitability, efficiency, leverage and earning potential. Similarly, through a survey, the position of the RadioShack can be compared against its competitors in the consumers’ minds. Compared to the industry average debt to total assets ratio of 0.72, RadioShack Corporation has a better financial position. The company’s 61% of the assets are financed by debt. However, RadioShack Corporation is highly leveraged company as compared to industry benchmarks. The company has raise $1.58 of debt for every $1 of equity in the company as compared to $1.2 raised by the industry. This signifies an increased riskiness in the company and a poor rating amongst the external stakeholders. (Bloomberg Businessweek,

Acc project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Acc project - Assignment Example The firm should also consider if it is within the maximum and minimum prices implied in the industry. The price of $3.70 should be neither beyond nor below the set maximum and minimum prices. Factors that to be considered about the market campaigns are the quality of the marketing campaign, whether it will accomplish the objectives of carrying it out. The method used to carry it out. Two methods of market campaigns are through either the media or using written forms like banners and pamphlets. The duration of the marketing, campaign and lastly, effectiveness and competence of the staff used in the campaign are paramount. Alternative two was to accept an offer from an overseas customer to purchase units at a cost of $3.00 each, and this would lead to additional administration cost of $5,000. The various factors to consider are The customer loyalty, this is very crucial as it prevents the issue of bad debts and losses from the sale. Some elements to consider in this case are; whether the customer pays his debts on time, and the duration that he has been in the company, and lastly the amount of goods that he normally purchases. The customer is overseas and therefore the management should determine the cost of exporting the goods to him according to the custom duty regulations. The cost of packaging is relevant. Packaging of the goods should be using the safest method to avoid the goods being damaged during transit and in a way that the customer has

Mothers and Fathers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mothers and Fathers - Essay Example Depending on what either parent does towards the child, determines the particular reaction the child would have in response to the parent’s behavior. In most instances, infants turn to either parent in certain situations, based on the previous interactions that the two have had (Raver 36). For instance, when an infant feels hungry, most will turn to their mothers considering that in similar instances, mother have always provided the food. Similarly, most infants will turn to their fathers whenever they feel scared for protection. Different factors contribute differently towards the position of a parent in giving care to an infant. Cultural alignments and environments play a critical role in determining how infants view either parent. Naturally, mothers are the primary caregivers in most societies as they stay home with the infants while the fathers fend for the families. However, in an instance in which the mother is the sole provider in the family and, therefore works outside the home, the father then forms a stronger bond with the infant (Kenner & McGrath 42). In such an instance, the infant would view the father as the primary nurturer and caregiver. Based on the considerations above, it is evidently clear that other than for the birthing process and breast-feeding, a mothers position as a caregiver of an infant or child is never biologically different from that of a father; however, it all depends on the circumstances involved. Both the father and mother’s positions as caregivers of an infant rema in the

Critically appraise whether recent judicial decisions reinforcing Coursework

Critically appraise whether recent judicial decisions reinforcing - Coursework Example Most of the businesses use forms that have special terms and standard legal language on backs or bottom of the documents governing sales and purchases. This is more so to the business men who focuses more on the commercial transactions than legal doctrine. When the recent judicial decisions are used, the court uses the first and last short approaches in determining the effectiveness of the contract. In practice The boilerplate language is classically in small print, covering business contingencies which arise rarely2. Through the application of the recent judicial decisions, some major disparities are identified in the legal doctrine resulted from discrepancies in some conditions that accompany replies and offers3. This case is similar to the case between Mr. Jones, company by the name of CMP and Ricoh [Ricoh UK Limited v Jones (2010) EWHC 1743 (Ch). According to the agreement, no one was supposed to have any contact with any client except through Ricoh. Mr. Jones had no reciprocal o bligation to deal with the clients without Ricoh. Later there arose a dispute over tenders to supply MFDs outside the country for a company which had been a regular customer for CMP.4 The court dismissed this on the basis that, the parties were operating on the same levels of distribution chain. The Uniform Commercial Code has much consideration on the offers accepted when the sellers sends written confirmations of acceptance to the buyer5. Another similar cases involved Manchester CC v Gibson [1979] 1 WLR 294. Gibson was an occupier and tenant of a council house and he wished to purchase the house under the â€Å"right to buy scheme†. He received a letter from the council informing him of the willingness of the council to sell the house. Later, the political control of the council changed resulting to revoke of the policy of the right to buy. It was held by the House of Lords that the council never made the offer to sell and, therefore, there could be no valid acceptance. 6 The above scenario can also be related to a case of Manchester CC v Storer 3 All ER 824. In the case, the council had sent an application to purchase a house which was about to be completed. When he completed the form as the instructions required, the council refused to sign and to return the application as they had agreed. When the case was taken to the court, the judge held that, the contract was formed.7 The judicially and the international legal community have tried to find satisfactory ways of deciding the terms of controlling an agreement.8 Another similar case involved Ex- Cell- O corporation (England) Ltd v Butler machine Tool Co. Ltd [1979] 1 WLR 401. Later, a dispute occurred when each company used separate standard form. One company used a form with a price variation which had a clause while the other company used a contract form without a price variation clause. In the case, the House of Lords held that, the contract was based on Ex- Cell- O corporation’s terms be cause it had included an acknowledgement strip which was signed by both parties.9 According to Section 2(207) of The Uniform Commercial Code10, it is assumed that the merchants do not read or understand the terms which are contained on the exchanged forms between the parties involved. This section of contract Law is similar to Article 19 of CISG which emphasizes on the irresponsibility of the merchants for getting clear information of the contract agreement11. In 1975, the United States Court resolved a case between Manning Fabrics Inc. 441 F. Supp., and Lea Tai

Mini leadership assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mini leadership assigment - Assignment Example Likewise, this brief analysis will consider the case of Robert Webb as a function of the key decisions and actions he has made within Hilton Hotels. As stated, one of the primary goals that motivated Robert Webb was a desire to streamline and update the Hilton Hotel brand. However, rather than falling into a pitfall of making broad and sweeping changes straight away with careful insight and collaboration with key shareholders, Webb slowly delved into the issue; utilizing both a top down and a bottom up approach (Press Release 2009). In this way, Webb typified the very definition of good leadership by exhibiting his keen levels of awareness by carefully communicating and listening to key shareholders (Aptio Highlight 2012). Similarly, by taking such an approach, Webb was able to lead from below rather than dictate from the top. Due to the support and shareholder buy-in, Webb’s changes became that much easier to institute company wide. A particularly unique concept of how Robert Webb engages with his shareholders is his primary emphasis on the communication process as a means of differentiating the needs and positions of key shareholders as a way of making an informed decision based upon the facts (Hickins 2012). Whereas many flawed leaders are quick to rush to judgment based on incomplete information and still others are fearful to act on any type of information for fear of making a mistake, Webb appears to split the difference between such positions nicely be actively seeking out knowledge and input from his shareholders and then after considering this at length – acting upon it. Says Webb of this process: â€Å"We’re only able to solve this with truthful, honest communication,† Webb says. â€Å"When people say ‘This is hard, I’m not sure I’m with you anymore,’ you need to get everyone to remember it’s about one team, one vision, and let’s get

Mothers and Fathers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mothers and Fathers - Essay Example Depending on what either parent does towards the child, determines the particular reaction the child would have in response to the parent’s behavior. In most instances, infants turn to either parent in certain situations, based on the previous interactions that the two have had (Raver 36). For instance, when an infant feels hungry, most will turn to their mothers considering that in similar instances, mother have always provided the food. Similarly, most infants will turn to their fathers whenever they feel scared for protection. Different factors contribute differently towards the position of a parent in giving care to an infant. Cultural alignments and environments play a critical role in determining how infants view either parent. Naturally, mothers are the primary caregivers in most societies as they stay home with the infants while the fathers fend for the families. However, in an instance in which the mother is the sole provider in the family and, therefore works outside the home, the father then forms a stronger bond with the infant (Kenner & McGrath 42). In such an instance, the infant would view the father as the primary nurturer and caregiver. Based on the considerations above, it is evidently clear that other than for the birthing process and breast-feeding, a mothers position as a caregiver of an infant or child is never biologically different from that of a father; however, it all depends on the circumstances involved. Both the father and mother’s positions as caregivers of an infant rema in the

Mini leadership assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mini leadership assigment - Assignment Example Likewise, this brief analysis will consider the case of Robert Webb as a function of the key decisions and actions he has made within Hilton Hotels. As stated, one of the primary goals that motivated Robert Webb was a desire to streamline and update the Hilton Hotel brand. However, rather than falling into a pitfall of making broad and sweeping changes straight away with careful insight and collaboration with key shareholders, Webb slowly delved into the issue; utilizing both a top down and a bottom up approach (Press Release 2009). In this way, Webb typified the very definition of good leadership by exhibiting his keen levels of awareness by carefully communicating and listening to key shareholders (Aptio Highlight 2012). Similarly, by taking such an approach, Webb was able to lead from below rather than dictate from the top. Due to the support and shareholder buy-in, Webb’s changes became that much easier to institute company wide. A particularly unique concept of how Robert Webb engages with his shareholders is his primary emphasis on the communication process as a means of differentiating the needs and positions of key shareholders as a way of making an informed decision based upon the facts (Hickins 2012). Whereas many flawed leaders are quick to rush to judgment based on incomplete information and still others are fearful to act on any type of information for fear of making a mistake, Webb appears to split the difference between such positions nicely be actively seeking out knowledge and input from his shareholders and then after considering this at length – acting upon it. Says Webb of this process: â€Å"We’re only able to solve this with truthful, honest communication,† Webb says. â€Å"When people say ‘This is hard, I’m not sure I’m with you anymore,’ you need to get everyone to remember it’s about one team, one vision, and let’s get

Advertising Objectives Essay Example for Free

Advertising Objectives Essay Furthermore, Budweiser’s mission is to pursue a long-term growth strategy by pursuing high consumption markets and attaining a firm market share among competitors. Budweiser has a strong brand name domestically, but for this particular region it will need to implement a penetration strategy. Also, Budweiser will focus on securing valuable distribution channels including pubs and supermarkets. The product positioning strategy reflects competitive pricing and product differentiation. Inherently, the product reflects cultural values of the target country, with attributes such as caffeine and local flavors that represent regional preferences. The brand may potentially increase market share via acquisition of equity investment. Tactical Details Product Various product attributes will be localized to appeal to consumer tastes such as a diet/lighter version beer with caffeine. Offering smaller glass bottles, which align with European consumption volume trends, will differentiate product packaging. The beer base content will be standardized but with local flavors based on market research. Also, based on potential research findings there is a possible product extension for an â€Å"all-natural† beer within the Austrian market. Additionally, products will be available in mini kegs to support the younger market segment behavioral characteristics. Advertising Implementing TV, Radio, Direct mail, Print ads, and Internet will be necessary to keep up with competitive advertising within this region. Messaging will focus on initially creating awareness. Ultimately, message strategies will portray a global brand through localized messaging. Internet advertising will be highly influential for the demographic market segment. Advertising will include viral ads, flash advertisements, and promotional incentives and incorporate sites such as MySpace and blogs (for the younger generation). Furthermore, sponsorship from popular celebrities or musicians for events and products will appeal to the target market. Personal Selling Face to face education via account executives with clubs/pubs will be imperitive to create awareness and motivate front-line distributors. Additionally, face-to-face points of contact in grocery stores and super/hypermarkets will be important in order to impact this a vast portion of purchases. These tasks will be contracted out to a local sales force that understands the culture, industry and competitive environment. Routine follow-ups and frequent interactions will be emphasized in order to maintain strong distributor relationships. Sales Promotion Incentives will be offered to club owners, super markets and so forth that will be based on volume discounts. A sales contest will also be commenced across the club/pub segment and the supermarket segment to increase purchases, emphasize product push through distribution channels and create awareness for caffeinated beer. Sub-brand specific websites will offer promotional incentives as well (BOGO, etc). Sleek, appealing point of purchase displays will be exhibited in supermarkets. Promotional partnerships with record a company, such as free iTunes downloads with purchase will be implemented to appeal to youthful market. Distribution Distribution will primarily focus on clubs/pubs, closely following the Red Bull distribution model and its flourishing success within this region. Distribution will also be emphasized in super and hypermarkets. Price Policy Pricing will remain competitive, but not premium. Also, based on market research, pricing will reflect that of energy drinks. Product differentiation and promotional efforts will not focus on price, but instead aim to increase purchasing through incentives such as volume discounts. Research A partnership with an experienced European market research agency (i. e. EURO, RSCG) will be imperative to monitoring quality perception and target market acceptance. Research will closely examine brand recognition development over time. Data mining from distributors to track trends will also be influential in understanding consumption behaviors. Research will also be needed in evaluating the possibility of launching a more mainstream bud beer. Finally, based upon success within Austria, further research into surrounding countries will be necessary.

Self-Reflection on Entrepreneurial Personality

Self-Reflection on Entrepreneurial Personality By submitting this piece of work I confirm I am aware of, and comply with University and Programme Requirements and regulations regarding Examination and Assessment Offences and that I am not party to any behaviour which could be construed as an assessment offence. I am aware that if I, or any member of my group transgress these regulations that the entire group could be found guilty of an academic offence. The last decades have witnessed the most dynamic emergence of entrepreneurial activity worldwide and the interest in entrepreneurship has increased significantly. No sector of economy has grown as vital, powerful and creative as entrepreneurship. (Kaplan, 2003). What is Entrepreneurship? The ability and motivation to form something from practically nothing is entrepreneurship. Moreover it is the willingness and steely determination to build an enterprise and handle risks and do everything possible to get the odds in your favor (Timmons, 1989). What is an Entrepreneur? The term entrepreneur had his beginning in the 17th-century and comes from the French word â€Å"entreprendre† and is usually a sole proprietor, a partner or a majority shareholder in an incorporated venture (Rowland, 2015). I have potential to be an Entrepreneur, because of my tested competencies! Different models can be used to identify what your personal traits are. Each model or test assesses particular attributes for entrepreneurial characteristics. One model is the â€Å"Entrepreneurial Traits Wheel† that depicts some traits an entrepreneur or an enterprising person may have. My self-evaluation (Figure 1 / Appendix 1, p.6) shows that I ´m a proactive person with a strong vision and flair. Moreover I ´m self-confident and prefer to solve problems. Furthermore I very goal oriented, a team player and a motivator to overcome difficulties. Thus my not innovated skills I ´m a motivated and communicated decision maker. The T-P Leadership questionnaire indicates that I ´m more laissez-faire than autocratic. I prefer a more morale than productivity style. Nevertheless I have a moderate high shared leadership style with a high morale and moderate high productivity behavior (Appendix 2, p. 7). Related to the Thomas-Kilmann (Appendix 3, p.10) test my profile indicates in various situations a good repertoire of useful social skills. A further test to evaluate entrepreneurial characteristics is the â€Å"General Enterprising Tendency† (GET) test. The results of my test show only in one particular section an average score (Appendix 4, p.16). All other sections assess a nearly maximum score. Summarised the tests underline the argument that I have entrepreneurial skills. But these are only theoretical results. I have potential to be an Entrepreneur, because of my working experience and our family business! To be entrepreneurial is to be inspired and capable of creating opportunities for oneself. To be an entrepreneur is one of the interesting and most exciting things. But it is not easy to start and maintain your own business. The best example in this case is my father. In our family it is a kind of tradition to have an entrepreneurial thinking. In 1963 my grandfather founded the logistic company â€Å"HTS Hà ¼ttges Tranport-Service†. Meanwhile my father manages the company since 1986 and I am working part time during my study in my father’s office. But I have already worked for other companies (Appendix 5, p. 22). To start, I did my apprenticeship as an industrial management assistant at Friesland Campina from 2005 to 2008. Friesland Campina is a worldwide Joint Venture who manufactures milk products. During this time I worked in different areas in the company such as the sales, purchasing, marketing, accounting and controlling department. After my apprenticeship I stayed in the company and was taken in the purchasing department from 2008 to 2010. In these two years I was responsible for the purchase of packaging and raw materials. At that time I was 22 years old and had a huge responsible position in this company, because when my disposition was poor the production plant couldn ´t produce their planned qua ntity. But I grew with the task and became more and more responsibilities. So, I earned the ability to lead negotiations with suppliers and hold presentations during important meetings. Also during my Bachelor study in the Netherlands I have expand my competencies. In the first semester we had to write a business plan and had interview a general manager to analyse the company. Moreover I was general manager and finance director of a project team in reference of a study project named â€Å"Mini Company† at the Fontys International Business School in the Netherlands. We had to found a real company for one semester with real market conditions. We had to sell company shares to get money and had a real entry in the Netherlands Commercial Register. Our student company â€Å"Nature Arts† was very successful and a good investment for our shareholders. We won a price from the â€Å"Jong Ondernemen† organization for the one of the best Mini Company (Appendix 6, p.23). At the end we could disburse them with a dividend of 30â‚ ¬. A further experience which could be beneficial to an entrepreneurial career was the internship during my study at the METRO GR OUP. The METRO GROUP is the one of the biggest wholesaler worldwide such as Tesco. I worked in the Corporate Planning Controlling department. It was a hard time and with long business days. I worked in different teams with different educational and cultural backgrounds. But this was an experience I ´ll never want to miss. This work experience was excellent to prepare for higher duties later. Now I ´m 28 years old and had the fortune to witness a good education. The following figure (Figure 2 / Appendix 7, p.24) illustrates my personal life path. Figure 2: Life Path Chart Felix Freericks Source: Own Illustration, 2015 Certainly I have weaknesses. Nobody is perfect. Certainly I have weaknesses and also experience with some difficult situations during my life. One Example is the language barrier. Therefore to improve my language skills such as English I study abroad and live in a residential community with only international native speaking people. I hope after my study I have improved my English skills to be confident in business discussions. Another Weakness is the motivation in some areas. Sometimes I fall in a deadlock and it’s difficult to motivate myself to change the current unsatisfied situation. In this case I have a high potential for improvement. The life is a long-life-learning process. Hence, I have to learn from my mistakes and try to avoid them in the future. My dream is to follow in one ´s father ´s footsteps hopefully. But Dreaming a dream is one thing, but bringing the dream to market is another dimension entirely. Therefore I early recognised to have to study to become a well-educated manager with managerial responsibility. Through the experience in the last nine years and hopefully in the common years I will learn how to manage and maintain a business. I see myself as an enterprising person, because even now I use the learning and experience to benefit my father ´s company in other ways. This attitude is crucial to your success at this early stage. Once my father said to educate yourself you have to be open-ended and focused to provide the freedom necessary to explore unexpected leads. My personal work experience in different companies has shown that’s difficult to manage a company. But I am hopefully ready for this challenge in a few years. References Kaplan, J. M., 2003. Patterns of Entrepreneurship, s.l.: John Wiley Sons. Rowland, M., 2015. www.businessdictionary.com. [Online] Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/entrepreneur.html#ixzz3SD5CxrBQ [Accessed 16 2 2015]. Timmons, J., 1989. The Entrepreneurial Mind. In: Andover: Brick House Publishing, p. 1. Appendix 1: Entrepreneurial Skills Wheel Appendix 2: T-P Leadership Questionnaire: An Assessment of Style The following items describe aspects of leadership behavior. Respond to each item according to the way you would most likely act if you were the leader of a work group. Circle whether you would most likely behave in the described way: Always = A, Frequently = F Occasionally = O, Seldom = S, or Never = N. A F O S N 1. I would most likely act as the spokesman of the group. A F O S N 2. I would encourage overtime work. A F O S N 3. I would allow members complete freedom in their work. A F O S N 4. I would encourage the use of uniform procedures. A F O S N 5. I would permit the members to use their own judgment in solving problems. A F O S N 6. I would stress being ahead of competing groups. A F O S N 7. I would speak as a representative of the group. A F O S N 8. I would needle members for greater effort. A F O S N 9. I would try out my ideas in the group. A F O S N 10. I would let the members do their work the way they think best. A F O S N 11. I would be working hard for a promotion. A F O S N 12. I would tolerate postponement and uncertainty. A F O S N 13. I would speak for the group if there were visitors present. A F O S N 14. I would keep the work moving at a rapid pace. A F O S N 15. I would turn the members loose on a job and let them go to it. A F O S N 16. I would settle conflicts when they occur in the group. A F O S N 17. I would get swamped by details. A F O S N 18. I would represent the group at outside meetings. A F O S N 19. I would be reluctant to allow the members any freedom of action. A F O S N 20. I would decide what should be done and how it should be done. A F O S N 21. I would push for increased production. A F O S N 22. I would let some members have authority, which I could keep. A F O S N 23. Things would usually turn out as I predicted. A F O S N 24. I would allow the group a high degree of initiative. A F O S N 25. I would assign group members to particular tasks. A F O S N 26. I would be willing to make changes. A F O S N 27. I would ask the members to work harder. A F O S N 28. I would trust the group members to exercise good judgment. A F O S N 29. I would schedule the work to be done. A F O S N 30. I would refuse to explain my actions. A F O S N 31. I would persuade others that my ideas are to their advantage. A F O S N 32. I would permit the group to set its own pace. A F O S N 33. I would urge the group to beat its previous record. A F O S N 34. I would act without consulting the group. A F O S N 35. I would ask that group members follow the standard rules and regulations. T13P13 Appendix 3: Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Questionnaire Consider situations in which you find your wishes differing from those of another person. How do you usually respond to such situations? On the following pages are several pairs of statements describing possible behavioural responses. For each pair, please circle the A or B statement which is most characteristic of your own behaviour. In many cases, neither the A nor the B statement may be very typical of your behavior, but please select the response which you would be more likely to use. 1. A. There are times when I let others take responsibility for solving the problem. B. Rather than negotiate the things on which we disagree, I try to stress those things upon which we both agree. 2. A. I try to find a compromise solution. B. I attempt to deal with all of anothers and my concerns. 3. A. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals. B. I might try to soothe the others feelings and preserve our relationship. 4. A. I try to find a compromise solution. B. I sometimes sacrifice my own wishes for the wishes of the other person. 5. A. I consistently seek the others help in working out a solution. B. I try to do what is necessary to avoid useless tensions. 6. A. I try to avoid creating unpleasantness for myself. B. I try to win my position. 7. A. I try to postpone the issue until I have had some time to think about it. B. I give up some points in exchange for others. 8. A. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals. B. I attempt to get all concerns and issues immediately out in the open. 9. A. I feel that differences are not always worrying about. B. I make some effort to get my way. 10. A. I am firm in pursuing my goals. B. I try to find a compromise solution. 11.A. I attempt to get all concerns and issues immediately out in the open. B. I might try to soothe the others feelings and preserve our relationship. 12.A. I sometimes avoid taking positions which would create controversy. B. I will let another have some of their positions if they lets me have some of mine. 13.A. I propose middle ground. B. I press to get my points made. 14.A. I tell another my ideas and ask them for theirs. B. I try to show him the logic and benefits of my position. 15.A. I might try to soothe the others feelings and preserve our relationship. B. I try to do what is necessary to avoid tension. 16. A. I try not to hurt the others feelings. B. I try to convince the other person of the merits of my position. 17. A. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals. B. I try to do what is necessary to avoid useless tensions. 18.A. If it makes the other person happy, I might let them maintain their views. B. I will let the other person have some of their positions if they let me have some of mine. 19.A. I try to get all concerns and issues immediately out in the open. B. I try to postpone the issue until I have had some time to think it over. 20.A. I attempt to immediately work through our differences. B. I try to find a fair combination of gains and losses for both of us. 21.A. In approaching negotiations, I try to be considerate of the other persons feelings B. I always lean toward a direct discussion of the problem. 22.A. I try to find a position that is intermediate between mine and another persons. B. I assert my wishes. 23. A. I am often concerned with satisfying all my wishes. B. There are times when I let others take responsibility for solving problems. 24. A. If the others position seems important to them, I would try to meet their wishes. B. I try to get the other person to settle for a compromise. 25.A. I try to show the other person the logic and benefits of my position. B. In approaching negotiations, I try to be considerate of the other persons wishes. 26.A. I propose a middle ground. B. I am nearly always concerned with satisfying all my wishes. 27.A. I sometimes avoid taking positions that would create controversy. B. If it makes the other person happy, I might let them maintain their views. 28.A. I am usually firm in pursuing my goals. B. I feel that differences are not always worth worrying about. 29.A. I propose middle ground. B. I feel that differences are not always worth worrying about. 30.A. I try not to hurt the other persons feelings. B. I always share the problem with the other person so that we can work it out. SCORING THE THOMAS-KILMANN CONFLICT MODE QUESTIONNAIRE Appendix 4: The Duham University General Enterprising Tendency (GET) Test Appendix 5: Part of Curriculum Vitae Felix Freericks Working Experience 02/2014 – 06/2014MSK Verpackungs-Systeme GmbH Bachelor thesis in the purchasing department Implementation of a key performance indicator system 08/2012 – 02/2013Metro AG Internship student employee in the Headquarter Controlling department Forecast- Budget reports Reporting Implementation of a reporting-tool for analysing the reporting structure 04/2010 – 02/2012Altenheim St. Marien gGmbH Assistance of the Board of Managements Finance Accouting tasks 01/2008 – 04/2009Friesland Foods Deutschland GmbH Purchaser Purchasing of raw packaging materials Negotiation Contracting Study 09/2010 – 07/2014Fontys International Business School Venlo, NL Study: International Business Economics Bachelor-thesis: Implementation of a key performance indicator system (Grade: 8,0) Graduation: Bachelor of Business Administration (7,4) Apprenticeship 08/2005 – 01/2008 Friesland Foods Deutschland GmbH Apprenticeship as an industrial management assistant Appendix 6: Certificate of Jong Ondernemen Appendix 7: Life Path Felix Freericks Statement of Authenticity We hereby solemnly declare, that we ourselves wrote this coursework, without the assistance of any third party; that in this report, we identified and specified all direct literal quotes from literature and indirect quotes (ideas, indirect quotations) from other authors. We are fully aware that any violation of this code may result in disadvantageous consequences for us. If fraud can be proved, we will be required to bear the costs of investigation into and sourcing of the original document. Plymouth, 23rd February 2015 Felix Freericks