Communication Challenges Among Cross Cultural Setting And...

Understanding the communication challenges among cross-cultural setting and offshore teams and understanding the ways to minimize the challenges will help everyone to reduce communication issues and increase performance. Many US based companies are utilizing the teams from India and china to reduce the product development cost. While reducing the cost, using offshore teams, they face multiple cross cultural issues. Management needs to understand these kinds of issues and way to solve or mitigate the risk. Knowledge of cross-cultural teams and various ways to communicate effectively will help minimize the miscommunication issues and help understand the cross cultural teams. Multiple researches have been done on how the people from various cultures communicate. â€Å"Particular societies tend to have distinct ways of working, and they can prove problematic when attempting cross-border collaboration. For example, Indian software companies have found they need to approach communication with U.S. and Japanese clients in very different ways. U.S. client companies normally work with extensive written agreements and explicit documentation, reinforced with frequent and informal telephone and email contact. In contrast, Japanese clients tend to prefer verbal communication, more tacit and continuously negotiated agreements, and less frequent but more formal use of electronic media† (Krishna, Sahay Walsham, 2004). This means we cannot generalize how people prefer to communicate. It dependsShow MoreRelatedCase Study 2.Mattel Toys Recall5090 Words   |  21 Pagesbrand names. The toy markets in the US were categories into multiple segments like Action Figures Accessories, Arts Crafts, Building Sets, Dolls, Games/Puzzles, Infant/Preschool Toys, Youth Electronics, Outdoor Sports Toys and Plush Vehicles. Among all the segments, Infant/Preschool toys is the largest followed by outdoor sports toys and dolls. However, video games is remarkably growing compared to the t raditional toy industry. In addition, about 60% of the toys sold in the world are made fromRead MoreInternational Project Management5835 Words   |  24 Pages The challenge for most enterprises as they move towards a global model will lie in successfully managing international teams. Meeting this challenge will be expensive in terms of both resources and time. Firms need to get on with the task of building a new model for leadership development in a global community - a model that derives from recognition of a whole new array of leadership requirements: Managing Environmental Scan, the Competitive Strategy, Organizational Versatility, Teams AlliancesRead MoreInternational Project Management5846 Words   |  24 Pages The challenge for most enterprises as they move towards a global model will lie in successfully managing international teams. Meeting this challenge will be expensive in terms of both resources and time. Firms need to get on with the task of building a new model for leadership development in a global community - a model that derives from recognition of a whole new array of leadership requirements: Managing Environmental Scan, the Competitive Strategy, Organizational Versatility, Teams AlliancesRead MoreGlobal Project Management3488 Words   |  14 Pagesare becoming increasingly common both for large multi-national organizations as well as small domestic businesses. Many businesses outsource work to other countries or contract people of organizations globally to complete project work or provide offshore services (Eberlein, 2008, p. 27). A better understanding of how to manage global projects is important to the body of knowledge about project management. The purpose of this stud y is to explore the similarities and differences between domestic andRead MoreHr Policies in Tcs6004 Words   |  25 Pages......................21 10. Leave Policies....................................................................................22 11. Ultimatix............................................................................................22 12. HR Challenges in TCS.......................................................................22 13. Conclusion.........................................................................................23 14. Bibliography..........................................Read MoreThesis About Call Center Agents14127 Words   |  57 PagesAdmittedly, our working knowledge in the conduct of interview and phenomenological study was inadequate. Nonetheless, we admitted that this research required our extra effort and sacrifice. In order to overcome such constraints, we started applying communication techniques we had learned on our Psychiat ric Nursing to enhance our interviewing skills. We read book about Qualitative – Phenomenology and Call Center Agents. We also become more attentive during discussion of research. We also did lots of observationRead MoreCase Infosys13356 Words   |  54 Pages —Steve Pratt, CEO, Infosys Consulting. In January 2006, the five managing partners of Infosys Consulting (ICI), also known to the leadership of ICI’s parent company Infosys Technologies as â€Å"the dream team,† congregated at the St. Regis resort in Orange County, California for their first team meeting of the year. CEO and managing director Steve Pratt, COO and managing director Paul Cole, managing director Romil Bahl, managing director and founder Raj Joshi, and managing director Ming Tsai, (seeRead MoreInternational Marketing Research10714 Words   |  43 Pagesversion. The major differences are †¢ The national differences between countries arising out of political, legal, economic, social and cultural differences and, †¢ The comparability of research results due to these differences. National Differences The main factors that affect the way in which people from different cultures behave are: a. Cultural Differences: Culture refers to widely shared norms or patterns of behavior of a large group of people. It is defined as the values, attitudesRead MoreChallenges Faced by Managers in Practicing Organisational Behaviour6576 Words   |  27 PagesTECHNOLOGY amp; MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION MEI / 2012 BBGO4103 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MATRICULATION NO : 800201085406001 IDENTITY CARD NO. : 800201085406 TELEPHONE NO. : 0127252294 E-MAIL : aimieshazzlins@yahoo.com LEARNING CENTRE : BANGI LEARNING CENTRE Content Page 1. Introduction and Description of the Selected Organisation 2 2. Description of Roles of Managers Based on Mintzberg’s (1973) Model 5 3. Challenges Faced By Managers in PracticingRead MoreBest Practice in Organizational Safety Culture10041 Words   |  41 PagesOverview of best practice in Organizational Safety Culture Offshore Helicopter Safety Inquiry Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada May 2010 Presented by Aerosafe Risk Management  © Copyright Aerosafe Risk Management, May 2010 This document has been developed by Aerosafe Risk Management (Aerosafe) in reponse to a specific body of work that was commissioned by the Offshore Helicopter Safety Inquiry. The background intellectual property expressed through the methodologies, models, copyright

Schizophrenia And Its Effects On Society - 1464 Words

According to World Health Organization schizophrenia is listed as the second highest contributor to overall burden of diseases. Schizophrenia is one of the most tragic diseases a human being can be afflicted with. The disorder involves disturbances in perception, thought, behavior, language, emotion and communication. The onset of symptoms begins most commonly in people who fall in the category of late teens to early twenties. In the United States alone one half to two and a half percent of the population are diagnosed with schizophrenia. Numerous studies have found, â€Å"the rate of schizophrenia to be higher among economically impoverished groups, which may reflect the effect of poverty on people vulnerable to the illness or the fact that individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty holding employment and tend to be downwardly mobile† (Westen 551). Schizophrenia has a profound effect on an individual being able to function in daily life; due to the seriousness of the psychotic disorder, symptoms are debilitating. Although it has not been completely determined, schizophrenia seems to be linked in genetics. Scientists do not know every aspect of the disease, but thus far many aspects of the disease are understood. Dating back to the early 19th century schizophrenia was defined as dementia; â€Å"French psychiatrist, Benedict Augustine Morel (1809-1873), coined the term dementia praecox, or precocious dementia† (Mueser 3). Alternatively, the modern concept of schizophrenia wasShow MoreRelatedSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Society1819 Words   |  8 PagesSchizophrenia is a severe brain disorder in which it is hard to distinguish the difference between what is real and what is not. Schizophrenia has been found throughout recorded history but was not considered a worthy medical condition until the eighteenth century. It is also considered today a leading public health problem that has enormous personal and economic costs worldwide. Schizophrenia involves a disturbance of thought, perception, emotion, movement, and behavior. The symptoms vary acrossRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Society1739 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Schizophrenia is one of the largest most delirious disorders that affect individuals all over the world. An individual diagnosed with schizophrenia loses touch of reality, confused by the world within their head and the outside world a.k.a. reality. If left untreated schizophrenia could have a largely negative impact on the individual and others around them. Because of this it is highly important that schizophrenics get the treatment they need, such as antipsychotic drugs, to get backRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Society1195 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a considered a severely chronic, disabling brain disease. Sufferers that have schizophrenia tend to experience hallucinations, delusions and sometimes distorted reality. When an individual is diagnosed with schizophrenia, they are physically inept to acting out â€Å"everyday functions†. With careful research, it is now known nearly one percent of the American population develops schizophrenia. Unfortun ately, that portion is about two million american citizens and the numbers are slowlyRead MoreTreatments For Schizophrenia And Its Effects On Society1028 Words   |  5 Pages Treatments for Schizophrenia M. Arah Enoh Southwestern Oklahoma State University Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe brain disorder which causes people to have odd thoughts, disturbed emotions and motor abnormalities (Carpenter, 2015). It is usually followed by psychosis, disconnecting from reality. People sometimes hear thoughts; some may think others are plotting against them. Even though individuals with schizophrenia have split personalities, it does not mean they are violent orRead MoreSocial Stigma Associated With Mental Illnesses1725 Words   |  7 Pagespeople with schizophrenia by heavily sedating them with meds humane, and does it give them a fair shot at life? I believe that in today’s day and age in society, there is a negative social stigma associated with mental illnesses, specifically Schizophrenia, and that not a lot of time, thought, or effort goes into getting these people the help they so desperately need, to ensure that they can still live a healthy life. When it comes to the treatment options for people with Schizophrenia, there areRead MoreJohn Forbes Nash, Jr.1739 Words   |  7 PagesPrize in Economic Sciences. In 1959, while he was teaching at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he displayed some symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia. He suffered from hallucinations and delusions. Once he said that he has encrypted messages from outer space. People thought it was a joke, but they didn t know that he was suffering from Schizophrenia. After his illness, he resigned from MIT and went to Europe. When he came back, he mostly hanged around Princeton campus and wrote about himselfRead MoreA Brief Description of Schizop hrenia1135 Words   |  5 Pagesschizophrenia.com schizophrenia is a complex, debilitating mental disorder that 1-2% of the world population experience. It is a disorder of the brain that affects how people think, feel, and perceive. The purpose of this paper is to explore schizophrenia, in particular its signs, symptoms, etiology and pathophysiology, and then examine drug treatment and their mechanism of action. This will be followed by the prognosis for people with schizophrenia. Signs and Symptoms Early signs of schizophrenia includeRead MoreSchizophrenia Case Study1627 Words   |  7 Pageswith schizophrenia compared with second year students although 38.7 % of the sixth-year students still perceived individuals with schizophrenia as being dangerous. Recently, Danaci and colleagues (32) recruited 106 freshman medical school students, who did not receive any theoretical or practical training on psychiatry. After 5 years, students who completed their psychiatry internship were recruited again. Their results revealed that students’ attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia changedRead MoreSeizures and the Brain1084 Words   |  4 Pagescomponent in the biological paradigm for treatment of schizophrenia. At this early stage of understanding schizophrenia’s pathology, it was believed these chemicals were imbalanced and shocking the brain would force a rebalance of these vital chemicals. Once rebalanced, it was hypothesized the patient would no longer suffer f rom schizophrenia (Tharyan, 2005). The insight into treating neurotransmitter imbalances in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia began the treatment path to present day antipsychoticRead MoreSarah and Angela The Many Misconceptions and Misunderstandings of Schizophrenia Misunderstood with1200 Words   |  5 PagesAngela The Many Misconceptions and Misunderstandings of Schizophrenia Misunderstood with the assistance of popular stigmas and stereotypes, schizophrenia and its severity is often degraded and overlooked by the public. Wrongly feared and shunned, individuals with schizophrenia have too commonly been judged throughout human history and even today. Many aspects of the disease are failed to be truly understood and represented, from the effects of the disease to the availability of treatment. Favored

CHEM Lab Free Essays

Another source of error is that possibly the ice and salt did not get to a low enough temperature, but again I would think this would alter the results giving a higher temperature instead of a lower one. Something that would give too low a temperature is if the thermometer bulb was directly on the test tube, and the temperature decreased because of the ice/salt mixture instead of the alcohol/water mixture. This is what probably happened in my experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on CHEM Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another thing that would cause the temperature to be too low is contamination in the alcohol, contributing more solute to the solution than expected. Using table salt and road salt, how would you design an experiment to determine which of these affected the boiling point of water the most? Which substance do you expect will affect it the most and why? Procedure: Weight out 1 g of salt and put it in ml of water in a test tube. Put a thermometer in and put the test tube over a Bunsen burner, recording the temperature till it boils. Assuming equal masses (1 g each) of salt, the table salt should affect it more because sodium is smaller than calcium and there would be more moles of table salt in g than there would be of road salt. Conclusion: Freezing point depression occurs when a solute is dissolved in a solvent. The solute makes the freezing point of the solvent decrease. How much the freezing point decreases depends on the immolate of the solute. The higher the immolate, the more the freezing point will decrease. The solute molecules interfere with the solvent freezing, and so the solution will have to get colder to freeze than the pure substance would. There was a large percent error in this experiment. There were a number of things the test tube and got too cold from the ice/salt mixture on the outside of the test be. Some other sources of error are measuring the alcohol or the water incorrectly. The graduated cylinder is not very accurate when measuring small amounts such as 2 ml. Some of the alcohol could have evaporated during the experiment since it is so volatile. There could have been some contamination in the alcohol, such as other solutes, that would contribute to the decrease in freezing point. I used 91% spoilsport alcohol instead of 70%, and this may be a cause of error as well. The formula holds only for relatively small amounts of solute, and maybe the 91% was too much. This experiment did not turn out as well as I had hoped. Perhaps if there were a way to keep the thermometer off of the test tube itself so that it doesn’t get so cold, that would be a better procedure. Perhaps if you could cork the test tube (if it were a large enough one to fit a cork in it) with a hole for the thermometer, then the cork would hold the thermometer in the solution instead of having it touch the sides of the test tube. No matter the numerical results of the experiment, I did learn a lot more about freezing point depression than I had known previously. That aspect of the experiment was successful. How to cite CHEM Lab, Papers

Eugenol Essay Example For Students

Eugenol Essay Isolation and Identification of Eugenol: The Fragrant Component of Cloves *Adri, Kiersten Jayne R. , Aguinaldo, Samuel Jr. Group 2 Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila 1008 Abstract. In this experiment, the primary objective was to isolate eugenol from cloves. An amount of 30 grams of dried cloves and 300 mL of water was distilled over a flame for over 2 hours. The distillate underwent extraction with dichloromethane, water and sodium hydroxide. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the aqueous extract to lower it to pH 9; it was again extracted with 2 x 30 mL of DCM. These organic extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered into a pre-weighed flask and had their solvent removed on the rotary evaporator. The amount in grams of the eugenol obtained was 0. 4770 g, which gave a % yield of 1. 578 %. INTRODUCTION Cloves are small, tropical evergreen trees (Syzygium aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata) which are members of the myrtle family. Its unopened flower bud is considered as an important spice which is dried and used whole or ground for cooking. The clove bud’s aroma and medicinal uses are attributed to the distillate of the oil of cloves, or eugenol. Eugenol is an aromatic liquid which can either be colorless or yellowish in color, with molecular formula CH2CHCH2C6H3(OCH3)OH. It is known for its pleasantly spicy aroma. Eugenol comprises 72-90% of the essential oil extracted from cloves, making it the main component. Eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, essential oils, in medicine as a local antiseptic and anesthetic, and in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanilla. When mixed with zinc oxide, eugenol forms a material which has restorative and prosthodontic applications in dentistry. METHODOLOGY The materials used in this experiment were the following: 30 g of dried cloves, 400 mL of water, 2 portions of 2 x 30 mL dichloromethane, 2 x 50 mL sodium hydroxide, concentrated hydrochloric acid, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, distillation set-up (500 mL round bottom flask, condenser, adapter, thermometer jacket, rubber tubing, tripod, Bunsen burner), Erlenmeyer flasks, separatory funnel and dropping pipettes. Figure 1. Steam Distillation Set-Up. Figure 2. Extraction Set-Up In a 500 mL round bottom flask, 30 g of cloves were placed along with 300 mL of distilled water. The mixture was distilled over direct heat until 200 mL of distillate was collected. The oily distillate was transferred to a separatory funnel and extracted with 2 x 30 mL DCM. The combined organic layers were washed with 100 mL distilled water, extracted with 2 x 50 mL of 3M sodium hydroxide and lowered to pH 9 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The milky aqueous mixture was extracted with 2 x 30 mL DCM, and the organic layer was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solution was filtered into a pre-weighed flask and its solvent was removed on the rotary evaporator. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Weight of sample: 30. 145 g Distillate: White oily and milky solution 1st extraction with DCM Upper layer: (aqueous – white sticky solid mixture) Lower layer: (organic – DCM, clear) 2nd extraction with NaOH Upper layer: (aqueous – NaOH) Lower layer: (organic – DCM, clear) Addition of concentrated HCl Formation of white milky aqueous solution (pH 9) 3rd extraction with DCM Upper layer: (aqueous – white milky solution) Lower layer: (organic – DCM) Pre-weighed flask: 82. 0231 g Pre-weighed flask + organic extract : 82. 5001 g Experimental Yield: 0. 4770 g % Yield : 1. 79 % Eugenol was isolated from cloves by steam distillation. Since eugenol is not soluble in water, the concentration of the eugenol in the vapor over the boiling eugenol–water suspension does not depend on concentration of the eugenol. The relative amounts of eugenol and water in the vapor simply depend on the vapor pressures of the pure materials. The vapor pressure of water at 100 Â °C is 760 torr, and the vapor pressure of eugenol at 100 Â °C is approximately 4 torr; therefore, the vapor is roughly 0. 5 % eugenol. The suspension boiled when its vapor pressure was equal to the external pressure. .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 , .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .postImageUrl , .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 , .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094:hover , .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094:visited , .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094:active { border:0!important; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094:active , .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094 .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ecdf5da6c0f0152c6adc107491fe094:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Self Relaince EssaySince both the eugenol and the water contributed to the vapor pressure of the suspension, the suspension boiled before either pure substance would normally boil. Since many essential oils contain liquids that may not survive heating at higher temperatures, steam distillation is an especially advantageous technique for isolating them because their immiscible mixture with water boils below 100 Â °C. Figure 3. Structure of Eugenol Since the distillate contained both water and eugenol, the eugenol was extracted from the water using DCM and NaOH. After obtaining the oil of cloves by steam distillation, the eugenol was isolated by extraction. In this process the fact that eugenol, because it is a phenolic compound, is weakly acidic whereas both eugenol acetate and caryophllene are neutral was considered. Thus, when the clove oil was treated with a sodium hydroxide (a strong base) it resulted in the selective formation of the sodium salt of eugenol which was soluble in the aqueous phase. The other neutral compounds did not react with sodium hydroxide and therefore remained in the organic phase. After the separation of the aqueous phase, its extraction with DCM and its acidification, the organic extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The eugenol was finally isolated by evaporation of the organic solvent in the rotary evaporator. CONCLUSION From the cloves, 0. 4770 g of eugenol or 1. 578% was extracted. Although the procedures were followed word per word, the % yield was considered too small, because eugenol usually comprises 72% to 90% of the oil of cloves (distillate). REFERENCE/S Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, and Engel. (1999) Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques: A Microscale Approach. USA: Saunders College Publishing. Pavia, D. Organic Laboratory Techniques, 2nd edition. (1995). USA: Harcourt Brace Company.